Eight questions to ask the candidates

With a State election due in November, candidates are starting to do a bit of spruiking about the place. We’ve drafted a number of questions it might be worth putting to them, should they appear on the horizon:

1. In 2012-13 the State Government embarked on a program of cutting 10% of Parks Victoria’s staff. This is on top of cuts in previous years by governments of both persuasions. We believe DEPI in Bendigo has lost a quarter of its staff in recent years. What’s your plan for the staffing of public land management, and what priorities do you see in this area?
2. Since coming to office the Coalition Government has cut more than a quarter of Government animal health and biosecurity jobs. Do you think a cut of 25% in the number of Parliamentarians would be good for Victoria? Would it improve MP’s efficiency?
3. The Royal Commission Implementation Monitor has criticised the Government’s policy of burning 5% of public land every year. He says the policy diverts DEPI resources to burning remote country when these should be deployed in dangerous areas close to settlements. A similar criticism of ‘targets’ has been levelled by Tasmania’s Chief Fire officer. Could you explain how burning 400 ha of bush in the remote Tarilta Valley is better at protecting human life than controlling dense gorse on the edge of Chewton, Castlemaine and Maldon townships?
4. The number of Phd and postgraduate students employed by DEPI has fallen by 22% since 2012-13, and the number of scientific and technical reports by DEPI officers supporting agriculture has fallen by 33% over the same period. In your opinion does this decline in research capacity affect DEPI’s ability to be an effective manager of our natural systems?
5. More than 500 jobs related to agriculture have been cut from DEPI since 2011. Is the Department as capable of managing agriculture now as it was 3 years ago? Or is the Farmers Federation right in expressing a lack of confidence in the Department’s ability to manage crises like disease outbreaks?
6. Past experience overseas shows that commercial development in National Parks benefits the private developer, but not the park or the public. Do you support commercial developments in National Parks? What effect do you think these might have on eco tourism businesses adjacent to Parks?
7. Whenever there are staff cutbacks in the Department of Environment and Primary Industry we are assured that no ‘front line’ staff are affected. Could you explain why research staff, who are usually the ones to be cut, are not important in enabling the Department to understand what it’s supposed to be doing? If you were running the Grand Prix, would you be in favour of cutting back on mechanics, as long as drivers were retained?
8.Victoria’s recent Waterways Strategy did not mention ‘climate change’, referring instead to ‘natural climate variation’. Environment commissioner Kate Auty claimed this year that Government employees have been instructed to avoid using the phrase ‘climate change’, and instead to refer to ‘natural climate variation.’ Scientists prefer the former term. Which one do you prefer? Do you think experts should be dictated to by politicians on this matter?

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Heave ho! Weightlifter goes for gold

You often see fungi thrusting up through soil crust, but mushrooms heaving rocks out of the way are less common. The photo below shows one such effort. We weighed the stone at 725 grams!

75 gram mushroom lifts ten times its weight: that's the equivalent of an 80 kg human lifting 800kgs...the world heavyweight record is

100 gram mushroom lifts seven times its weight:…we believe champion human weightlifters can manage to lift about twice their bodyweight at a time. Of course, the mushroom we see is only part of the story–it’s only the fruiting body of the fungus.  The main part of the fungus is the mycelium under the ground.

Fungi often perform remarkable weightlifting feats. Maybe the most impressive [and one of the most common] is the unromantic Horse Dung Fungus [Pisolithus tinctorius] which can often be seen pushing up through bitumen road surfaces. We’re not sure how much force is required for this feat. When we attempted a bit internet research on the subject by Googling ‘fungus lifting weight’ we got a lot of entries about fungus lifting toenails. That’s a lot less romantic than we could bear.

Horse Dung Fungus [Pisolithus tinctorius] pushing up through the surface of the Irishtown road: fungi are impressive weightlifters.

Horse Dung Fungus [Pisolithus tinctorius] pushing up through the bitumen surface of the Irishtown road: fungi are impressive weightlifters.

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Mount Alexander in history

It was an important place to the Jaara people; grazed by sheep for nearly 100 years; listed as having been entirely denuded of useful trees by 1876; burned out by bushfire in 1901, and then washed out by a heavy thunderstorm which stripped the bare slopes of soil and dumped it into the Bendigo water channel: now it’s a State Park much loved by walkers, picnickers and cyclists who regularly grind their way over Joseph Young Drive.

FOBIF walkers passing a giant stringybark on Mount Alexander, August 2013: by 1876 the Mount had been 'denuded' of useful trees.

FOBIF walkers passing a giant stringybark on Mount Alexander, August 2013: by 1876 the Mount had been ‘denuded’ of useful trees. The chequered history of the Mount will be the subject of George Milford’s talk at the FOBIF AGM.

Through all this it remains the biggest landmark in our district, and its history is the subject of a talk to be given by George Milford at the FOBIF AGM at 7.30 on Monday August 11 at the Castlemaine Continuing Education Building. Put it in your diary.

Members interested in nominating for the FOBIF committee should send their nominations in before that date. Contact Bernard Slattery (5472 2892) if you would like a nomination form.

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Is a historic place a relic?

What’s a historic place?

The Victorian Environment Assessment Council is conducting an ‘Historic Places Investigation’, submissions for which are due to VEAC by September 12.

FOBIF is making a submission to this process, arguing that a historic place is not simply something old you can look at and have thoughts about the past. It’s a place in which you can see change happening, as the practices of the past are changed to suit new community needs.

Sebastopol Creek, in the Castlemaine Diggings NHP: ruined waterways on the slow path to recovery are a dramatic historic reality.

Sebastopol Creek, in the Castlemaine Diggings NHP: ruined waterways on the slow path to recovery are a dramatic historic reality.

Specifically, we are arguing that the Castlemaine Diggings National Heritage Park should be valued not simply for its evidence of gold workings, but more especially for the way it shows the spectacular environmental damage wrought in the past, and the way this damage is gradually being repaired over time.

FOBIF’s submission runs as follows:

“We wish to make a submission to this enquiry, focusing on the Castlemaine Diggings National Heritage Park as a Historic Landscape.

“The Diggings Park was given National Heritage status in 2005. The declaration statement  goes into great detail about evidence of mining practices in this landscape. This is fully justified. What is less understandable is that the statement completely overlooked what is perhaps the most striking single feature of this landscape: that is, the ruined waterways. The environmental devastation wrought by gold fever is mentioned blandly in one sentence: ‘The degree of alteration of, and intervention in, the natural landscape makes a strong impression on visitors.’

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A stroll into the Gorge

Twenty two walkers enjoyed a fine winter’s day for the July FOBIF walk into Muckleford Gorge on Sunday the 20th. The walk was led by Deirdre and Bernard Slattery, and the group heard an informative talk from farmer Ian Garsed before descending into the spectacular valley. Ian and his family manage the Gorge largely for conservation, and he gave an engaging account of the difficulties and rewards of having responsiblity for such an important part of the landscape.

Walkers look across the gorge to the edge of the lava flow, before making the descent. Mount Franklin is in the distance.

Walkers look across the gorge to the edge of the lava flow, before making the descent. Mount Franklin is in the distance.

Although the Muckleford Creek is not flowing at this point, there are enough substantial pools to preserve the picturesqueness of the situation; and the dry sections allowed the group to criss cross the creek for easier walking–though it has to be said that some of the crossings were easier than others. Once again our thanks go to Ian for his unfailing generosity to our walking groups. Thanks also to Barb Guerin for her lucid explanations of the geological formations along the Creek. The August walk will be in the Fryers Ranges. Check the program for details.

FOBIF walkers checking out the cliffs at the bottom of the Muckleford Gorge.

FOBIF walkers checking out the cliffs at the bottom of the Muckleford Gorge.

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Have another look at the Mount

It’s a special place to the Jaara people, has been exploited for its timber and heavily grazed; and now its role is primarily for conservation and recreation. It’s the biggest place in our region: Mount Alexander.

Mount Alexander faces winter, July 17 2014: the Mount has many moods, and an interesting history, which will be the subject of George Milford's talk at the FOBIF AGM on July 11.

Mount Alexander faces winter, July 17 2014: the Mount has many moods, and an interesting history, which will be the subject of George Milford’s talk at the FOBIF AGM on July 11. Photo: John Ellis

At the FOBIF AGM on August 11 George Milford will talk about the history of  Mount Alexander–more details later.

Members are reminded that nominations to the FOBIF committee are open now. Nominations should be signed by the nominee and two other FOBIF members.

For more pictures of Mount Alexander during that winter blast on the 17th, have a look at https://www.facebook.com/pages/Chewtonnet/288889464550308

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Fire planning starts again

Along with other interested parties, FOBIF has been invited by DEPI to express its ‘fire management priorities, issues or concerns as they relate to DEPI’s strategic fire management priorities, and also about fire prevention works’ in our area.
This is a standard annual consultation about the Fire Operations Plan and its implementation. It’s both a sensible method of consultation and an intensely frustrating merry go round: the important features of the burning program have already been set by

Highly flammable weeds, mainly gorse, on the northern edge of Chewton: FOBIF believes that public safety is best served by careful management of fuel close to settlements, not indiscriminate burning of large areas of remote bushland.

Highly flammable weeds, mainly gorse, on the northern edge of Chewton: FOBIF believes that public safety is best served by careful management of fuel close to settlements, not indiscriminate burning of large areas of remote bushland.

the State Government, and any submissions will necessarily be picking at details of  the Plan. Nevertheless, FOBIF believes that fire managers are generally prepared to listen to community input, and for that reason we will be making a submission to the process. Our emphases will be essentially consistent with past submissions: we believe that dangerous areas close to settlement should be DEPI’s priority, and that where these include high quality bushland, especial care should be taken to protect biodiversity in any operation. Our most recent detailed submission on the Fire Protection Plan can be found here, and DEPI’s response to that submission here. Member suggestions about any aspect of the local fire plan are welcomed.

 

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Why we should like ants

‘I like ants and this talk is about why you should like ants.’ That’s how entomologist Alex Wild started his talk to his audience of 140 at the Newstead Landcare event on Sunday.
In a hugely entertaining talk, peppered with questions from the audience, Alex ranged widely over matters to do with ants, structured around the ‘three reasons why ants are important, and why they run everything in Australia’.

Bullant [genus Myrmecia] exploring a DSE 'control burn' in the Diggings Park, 2010: ants are not only intriguing, they're good for the soil. Photo: John Ellis

Bullant [genus Myrmecia] exploring a DSE ‘control burn’ in the Diggings Park, 2010: ants are not only intriguing, they’re good for the soil. Almost all bullant species are endemic to Australia. Photo: John Ellis


First, they eat practically anything, and therefore channel biomass around; second, they dig down sometimes to surprising depths, aerating soil and allowing water penetration: in a dry climate they are more important than earthworms, and there’s strong experimental evidence to show that they increase crop yields; and third, they are so numerous that many other organisms are dependent on them for survival, for one reason or another.

Among many other fascinating observations about ants, their social organisation and their territorial wars, Alex pointed out that feral scourges like the Argentine and Fire Ants flourish in disturbed situations: the implication being that looking after the environment is a sensible preventive measure against foreign invasions. And he finished by showing a common enough picture of a bush track, with the comment: ‘There are probably 100 species of ants in this picture.’ Enough reason for us all to pay more attention to the detail: and one way to do this is by checking out the CSIRO’s Ants Down Under website.

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Anonymous mound of dirt tells a story

The photo below shows a barely noticeable mound of dirt, covered with grass, next to the Limestone Track near the Tarilta Creek crossing. Passers by might not give it a glance: a pity, because this mound of dirt should be a provocative reminder of DSE’s 2012 ‘ecological’ burn, and of the dangers of large scale burning operations

You could pass by and not notice it: but this mound of dirt is a relic of DSE's disastrous 2011 'ecological' burn.

You could pass by and not notice it: but this mound of dirt is a relic of DSE’s disastrous 2011 ‘ecological’ burn.

The mound of dirt is part of the huge quantity of soil washed off the slopes of the Tarilta valley after the burn off. Tarilta Creek was choked with silt, and some of it ended up choking the Limestone Track bridge underpass:

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Floods: here’s why

Floods can be complicated, but the fundamental cause isn’t: water falls from the sky in volumes too big to be confined within watercourses. These overflow onto flood plains. That’s it.

There can be additional factors, of course: if vegetation in the catchments has been stripped—say, by fire, or unwise clearing—then violent rain can cause massive washaways and erosion. And the disaster is compounded when people have built homes on the flood plain, something Australians have been prone to do for 200 years [see our Post].

This is what happened in the floods which devastated Castlemaine in 1889. Doug Ralph, presenter of the Tuesday history program on Main FM [94.9], has unearthed an interesting contemporary discussion of the event from the Argus newspaper [26/1/89]. The journalist, writing under the name Telemachus, is travelling in this region with George Perrin, Conservator of Forests in Victoria:

Forest Ck-Barkers Ck junction, January 2011: native vegetation along creeks does not increase flood levels. Discussion of the disastrous 1889 floods centred around three factors: the huge dumps of rain; stripping of hillsides of vegetation, which worsened runoff; and degradation of creeks in mining works.

Forest Ck-Barkers Ck junction, January 2011: native vegetation along creeks does not increase flood levels. Discussion of the disastrous 1889 floods centred around three factors: the huge dumps of rain; stripping of hillsides of vegetation, which worsened runoff; and degradation of creeks in mining works.

‘”I could make a fine forest there.” Thus Mr. Perrin, as we ran along beyond Taradale towards Castlemaine, through the hills which the diggers tunnelled and honey-combed, and stripped, and left desolate and hideous, over so many Australian leagues…

‘…”Killing out the forest caused all that.” Thus, again, Mr Perrin, as we look down the long valley of Castlemaine, strewn with the wreckage of the late disastrous flood. “Silting up our creek caused all that,” said the townsfolk, sitting in sack cloth and ashes amongst the ruins, and probably the one statement was as near the truth as the other, and both a good way off. I believe still that flood was one of the few incidents which may fairly be described as an act of God. The powers of nature gathered those clouds together, and the

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