Roadsides: is scalping just management on the cheap?

Following its objections to roadworks scalping valuable vegetation from the Fryers Ridge, FOBIF has written to the Environment Minister asking for clarification of policy on vegetation management of roadsides.

The letter reads, in part:

“Forest managers have told us that, though this method of vegetation management is not ‘ideal’, budgetary restraints prevent them from using more labour intensive methods—like selective removal of obstructive vegetation, or moderate grooming. Further, there seems to be a common assumption in the Department that ‘priority to safety’ means absolute disregard for environmental values, when it should mean: careful management of vegetation to maintain sight lines and encourage sensible driver behaviour.

Fryers Ridge, July 2015: the road is the strip in the background. Managers plead that budget restrictions mean that 'scalping'--scouring the earth--is the only option they have in managing roadside vegetation.

Fryers Ridge, July 2015: the road is the strip in the background. Managers plead that budget restrictions mean that ‘scalping’–scouring the earth–is the only option they have in managing roadside vegetation.

“Our group is fully aware of the necessity to maintain proper fire access roads, and to manage adjacent vegetation to minimise the likelihood of accidents. We believe, however, that this should be done with minimum of disturbance to  environmental values. We assume that Victoria adheres to the common principle ‘avoid, minimise, mitigate and lastly offset’ in its road management policy?

“Given that managers often justify crude practices by appealing to budget limitations, we have four questions:

  1. What is the Department’s [and the Government’s] policy on roadside scalping?
  2. What is the Department’s 2015-6 budget for a. Forest management and b. conservation reserve management, compared to the same figures of 2005-6?
  3. Do the native vegetation clearance regulations which have been the subject of recent community consultation apply to the Department’s own managers?
  4. Is there any monitoring of the effects of roadside clearing on the environment?”

As this post is being written, controversy sputters over the destruction of 900 ancient river red gums as part of improvements to the Western Highway: seemingly another exercise by government in which ‘safety’–or in this case, speed–sweeps aside any other considerations.

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Clearing: a regulation problem

The state government is reviewing native vegetation clearing regulations, which readers will remember were weakened by the previous government on the grounds of loosening red tape. The terms of the Review can be seen here.

As part of the review, FOBIF representatives and members of other conservation groups, DELWP, the CMA, developers and organisations like bee keepers, farmers, miners and prospectors, attended a consultation session at DELWP Epsom on July 22 to discuss the issue.

As can be imagined from such a disparate gathering, it seemed that almost everyone has an issue with current clearing regulations, but often for conflicting reasons.

Some of the issues raised in the meeting were

  1. Lack of resourcing – (staff and funding). This impacts on
  • Accuracy of mapping: Department maps are often desktop interpretations based on priorities under the environment protection laws [Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act/Flora and Fauna Guarantee], with no input of local knowledge. The maps are often wrong, sometimes to the advantage of the environment, sometimes to the advantage of developers; this leads to widespread lack of faith in the process.

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Does frequent fire damage the soil?

A study presented at Melbourne University Burnley on August 5 offered strength to an argument that’s been going around for a long time: that high frequency severe fire damages soil. The argument has often relied on common sense and anecdotal evidence, but until now there’s been little rigorous analysis of the facts. This study remedies the deficiency:

‘[The] study investigated the effects of 27 years of repeated low-intensity prescribed burning in dry sclerophyll eucalypt forests in south-eastern Australia, focusing particularly on litter and soil Carbon and nitrogen (N). Four prescribed fire treatments designed as factorial combination of two fire seasons (autumn and spring) and two fire frequencies (high frequency – burning in 3-yr cycle and low frequency – burning in 10-yr cycle) and un-burnt Control were studied…

Severe management burn: a Melbourne University study has shown that such an exercise, repeated at 3 year intervals, causes severe soil damage.

Severe management burn: a Melbourne University study has shown that such an exercise, repeated at 3 year intervals, does ‘reduce key indicators of soil productivity’.

‘This study provides empirical evidence that high frequency prescribed fire does indeed reduce key indicators of soil productivity, and therefore that longer burning interval (c. 10 years) may be required to maintain a long-term ecological balance in dry sclerophyll eucalypt forests or similar forest ecosystems.’

Studies like this are a sobering reminder that long term damage to the forest is built into a major part of the current fire defence system: namely, the Asset Protection Zone, which under current policy is set to be burned every three years. For a long time managers have conceded that these areas of land are ecological sacrifice zones.

In theory the detail of the research can be found through a webinar at : https://unimelb.zoom.us/j/611678161            but we found the link difficult to access.

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The future, and how to deal with it…

The North Central Catchment Management Authority is holding a series of forums on climate change, the natural environment and sustainable agriculture in the region through August. The Castlemaine forum will be held at the Campbell’s Creek Community Centre at 7 pm on August 31.  A light supper will be provided. Contact the CMA to RSVP for catering purposes [info@nccma.vic.gov.au or phone (03) 5448 7124]. The CMA’s Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Plan can be found here.

______________________________________________________________

Climate projections for the North Central region [CSIRO and BOM, January 2015] Level of confidence
Average temperatures will continue to increase in all seasons Very high
More hot days and warm spells Very high
Fewer, but possibly damaging, frosts High
By late in the century, less rainfall during the cool season High
Rainfall will remain unchanged in the warm season Medium
Even though mean annual rainfall is projected to decline, heavy rainfall intensity is projected to increase High
A harsher fire-weather climate in the future High

______________________________________________________________

And a seminar in October organised by the Royal Society, Melbourne University and the VNPA will look at the likely effects of climate change on water, fire frequency, weather events, dry forests, and numerous other subjects connected to the theme of biodiversity. An impressive range of scientists will speak at the seminar. The program document introduces the subject in this way:

‘Assuming ongoing high levels of global greenhouse gas emissions, temperatures in Victoria [in 2050] would be 1.2° to 2.5°C warmer than recent decades. Around the state, temperatures above 40°C in summer would occur two to four times more frequently, and

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Presentation on local butterflies

Julie Whitfield of Bendigo is an environmental consultant with a passion for butterflies, and she will be guest speaker at Newstead Landcare’s next meeting, Thursday 20th August.

As a recipient of a prestigious Winston Churchill Fellowship Julie recently had the pleasure of exploring conservation projects for butterflies in the USA and the UK with the dream of bringing these models back to Victoria to apply with our local groups.

Julie will provide a presentation on these experiences and on the butterfly species likely to occur in the Newstead area, and their role in local ecosystems.

Mount Alexander Shire has a few populations of the extremely rare Eltham Copper Butterfly which has an extraordinary relationship with a particular ant species and Sweet Bursaria shrubs. Julie will introduce you to this marvel as well as to some of our more common local butterflies.

All are welcome to attend the talk on Thursday 20th August at 8 pm at Newstead Community Centre (gold coin donations appreciated). No need to book in – just come along, discover and be inspired!

Julie Whitfield in action

Julie Whitfield in action

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Mysteries, activities

A full house turned up at the Ray Bradfield rooms for the FOBIF AGM last Monday to hear Sarah Lloyd talk about slime moulds , mysterious life forms which are neither slime nor moulds. Sarah interspersed her entertaining talk with beautiful photos of these living things which are not plants, or fungi, and have some qualities which could put them in the animal world: that is, that they move about, eat things, and leave excrement behind them. She also projected a quite spectacular poster of line drawings of microscopic species by German naturalist Ernest Haekel and tossed off the information that movements of slime moulds might provide models for human transport systems. Discussion took unexpected turns when one audience member claimed to have kept one as a pet, and another drew comparisons with life forms evoked in science fiction stories. Samples were passed around the audience, and we can report that—unlike in the not quite famous Steve McQueen SF horror movie The Blob— no one was devoured by the specimens on show.

Sarah is author of the irrepressible guide, Where the slime mould creeps, obtainable from the Fungimap bookshop . In introducing Sarah, Cassia Read described her work as ‘an ode to nature’. Sarah lives in the forest on Black Sugarloaf  Mountain in Tasmania, where she has been conducting detailed studies of the mountain environment for many years–a year long study of the dawn chorus, a detailed record of local fungi, and occasional publications like Life in the shadows, the natural history of Black Sugarloaf, and The Blue Tier, a natural history. 

The meeting started with a photo montage on Doug Ralph, founding president of the Friends, followed by a report by FOBIF President Marie Jones. Marie thanked members for their work during the year, and gave a brief run down on the group’s activities: we are actively engaged in lobbying DELWP on forest management issues, take a keen interest in planning matters which may affect the health of our bushlands, and have lately taken on successful education programs for young people, from primary school to teenagers. Our recent field guide to mosses has almost sold out, and a second, revised edition is in preparation; we are also preparing a guide to local eucalypts. Our monthly walks continue to attract very healthy numbers.

After the treasurer’s report, Secretary/Public Officer Naomi Raftery declared all committee positions vacant, and conducted elections. Nominations had been received for all positions before the meeting, and according to the constitution, all nominees were therefore declared elected:

President: Marie Jones; Vice President: Neville Cooper; Secretary: Naomi Raftery; Treasurer: Lynette Amaterstein; Ordinary members: Elvyne Hogan, Frank Panter, Bronwyn Silver, Bernard Slattery.

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Bright winter sunshine, obscure corners

A bitterly cold morning didn’t deter FOBIF walkers from tackling some obscure corners of the Columbine and Salters Creeks valleys on Sunday. The corners turned out to be even more obscure than intended when a navigation error by walk leader Bernard Slattery landed the group in an unexpected approach to Salters Creek. Well, as the great Paddy Pallin might have said, in this country you’re ‘never quite lost’, and we all emerged triumphant and on time.

The walk included a look at one of Doug Ralph’s favourite haunts: Charlie Sanger’s hut, near Columbine Creek. As usual, we provided perfect winter weather for the occasion.

Lunch at Salter's Creek

Lunch at Salters Creek

Walkers at the Sanger hug. Photo by Noel YOung

Walkers at Sanger’s hut site. Photo by Noel Young

Bernard addressing the group at Sanger's hut site.

Bernard addressing the group at Sanger’s hut site.

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The scalping of Fryers Ridge [1]

Visitors to the Fryers Ridge this past week have been stunned to find that major works on the verges of the Ridge Road have scoured the earth bare, virtually eradicating a large part of one of the region’s most significant wildflower areas.

The road runs along the top of the ridge, dividing the Fryers Flora reserve from the State Forest.

The works have been designed to eliminate blind bends, and facilitate access in the event of fire: according to DELWP: ‘the works were completed by the Department tractor …to clear the road verges of vegetation as a recent roads inspection showed that the verges were overgrown and had a traffic near miss a while ago.’

Fryers Ridge Road, near the Irishtown Track: in places the road is twice as wide as the Midland Highway

Fryers Ridge Road, near the Irishtown Track, July 6: in places the road is wider than the Midland Highway

The roadside verge has been ‘scalped’ along many hundreds of metres, and in addition earth has been scraped and piled up as much as 10 metres into the bush.

These works are a perfect example of a problem FOBIF has had with DELWP managers for many years.

In discussion with Department and Parks officers on the road on Friday July 10th we were amazed to discover that they did not attach any particular importance to these roadside verges,   because no rare or endangered species had been drawn to their attention there. It seems the area is in a ‘general zone’, which seems to translate as ‘nothing much to see here.’

On Fryers Ridge: for long sections vegetation off the edges of the roadway has been obliterated over hundreds of metres

On Fryers Ridge: for long sections vegetation off the edges of the roadway has been obliterated over hundreds of metres

 

This is the problem with most road works: for example, a 2012 DSE Document on roadside vegetation management for bushfire risk mitigation states that ‘Bushfire risk mitigation works that are likely to have a significant environmental impact on the road reserve will require a planning permit.’ If the area in question is not seen by managers as special, and is not on their data bases as containing rare species, it seems that road workers aren’t instructed to be particularly careful to look after the area: works are not seen to have a ‘significant environmental impact.’

It seems to us that there’s an underlying assumption in the Department that whatever mess is made in the short term will fix itself in the longer term, because the bush recovers. We were told this in our discussions with managers on Friday: this kind of gouging had been done before, and the bush had come back OK…it may even be improved by this kind of disturbance…so it’s not so bad, is it? Our opinion is that whatever values such areas as this have are there in spite of such works, and every time they are done, especially, say, in drought times, the recovery is less. Here’s a question: Has the Department made any long term assessment of the effects of these kind of works?

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The scalping of Fryers Ridge [2]: ‘in an ideal world’

FOBIF is well aware that Fryers Ridge Road is a major fire access track for the area. Our problem with the current works is that we believe that the desired safety result could have been achieved in a less destructive way–perhaps by selective removal of obstructive vegetation, and some slashing. Scalping and bulldozing of road verges has a severe impact on vegetation in the long term: field naturalists with long memories of the district have claimed that Department works over the last 50 years have reduced some sections of the roadway to a shadow of their former glory.

Fryers Ridge: managers concede that scalping is not 'ideal'. It appears that better methods are too expensive for the Department's budget.

Fryers Ridge: managers concede that scalping is not ‘ideal’. It appears that better methods are too expensive for the Department’s budget.

‘Scalping’ is widely acknowledged as something to be avoided if possible. Here are a few recommendations from documents around Australia:

‘When slashing roadsides, machinery operators should be mindful of the changing contours of the roadside and not cut too close to the ground. This is often referred to as ‘scalping’. Scalping creates ideal conditions for weed growth, disturbing soil and removing competition for resources such as light. Scalping also directly results in machinery, especially cutting implements, becoming contaminated.’ [DPI Victoria 2005]

‘Do not have the mower or slasher set too low otherwise the machine will scalp the ground causing serious soil disturbance. Scalping leaves bare patches of earth subject to erosion, in sandy soils the risk of erosion and destabilisation is very high.’ [Tasmanian Coastal Works manual 2005]

‘Avoid scalping of the ground during slashing operations.’ Greater Shepparton Council 2005]

‘Low shrubs, native grasses and groundcovers generally do not affect road safety and, where possible, should be retained in the clearance areas. These species help prevent weed invasion and erosion and can reduce roadside management costs.’ SA Native Vegetation Council 2012

FOBIF representatives met with DELWP and Parks officers on the ridge on July 10. These conceded that the works ‘could have been better done’ in places. The reason they weren’t? Shortage of money. The preferred vegetation management methods cost more, and from where we stand, it looks like the Department is drastically short of money. Hence, repeated cutbacks by governments of both persuasions over the years delivers what we can’t quite get used to: land management on the cheap.

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Maybe THIS is the saddest sign in the region?

The sign depicted in our July 5 post may have been trumped by this one, on the Fryers Ridge: ‘DO NOT…remove soil or rock.’ This injunction doesn’t apply to road works.

Sign on Fryers Ridge: it doesn't sit well next to the gouging of the nearby Ridge Road. FOBIF has argued that road works should be planned with careful concentration given to adjacent bushland.

Sign on Fryers Ridge: it doesn’t sit well next to the gouging of the nearby Ridge Road. FOBIF has argued that road works should be planned with careful concentration given to adjacent bushland. The track depicted is not the recently scoured ridge road.

 

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